Winter in the European part of Germany usually isn't too cold but much too wet. So I constructed an ugly, provisory greenhouse for the smaller fern of our paradise garden in order to protect them from cold and wetness. I'm keeping them on the dry side and water them sparingly, usually every two days. Fortunately, frost didn't hit us, yet. I think, they are still fine, the big one to the left is a Blechnum gibbum with almost no damage! The brown spots at the left border is Athyrium niponicum that is, as expected, losing its foliage.

Protecting tree ferns is somewhat cumbersome: to reduce their need for space, I bound their fronds with gauze bandage and packed them into a fleece that would let through (not too much) water and air. I'm doing this for the 1st time and I'm curious how our tree ferns cope with that. If it gets really cold, there are additional jute sacks I lay upon them.